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Tower cranes may have a max unsupported height of 80m or 265 feet, while the tower crane's maximum lifting capacity is sixteen thousand six hundred forty two kg or thirty nine thousand six hundred ninety lbs. with counter weights of twenty tons. In addition, two limit switches are utilized to be able to ensure the driver does not overload the crane. There is even another safety feature known as a load moment switch to make certain that the driver does not surpass the ton meter load rating. Finally, the tower crane has a maximum reach of two hundred thirty feet or 70 meters.
Due to their extreme heights, there is a science involved to erecting a crane. The stationary structure would at first have to be brought to the construction site by using a large tractor-trailer rig setup. Next, a mobile crane is used so as to assemble the equipment part of the crane and the jib. These parts are then connected to the mast. The mobile crane then adds counterweights. Forklifts and crawler cranes may be some of the other industrial equipment that is utilized to erect a crane.
As the building is erected, mast extensions are added to the crane. This is how the crane's height can match the building's height. The crane crew utilizes what is called a top climber or a climbing frame that fits between the slewing unit and the top of the mast. A weight is hung on the jib by the work crew in order to balance the counterweight. Once complete, the slewing unit is able to detach from the top of the mast. In the top climber, hydraulic rams are used to adjust the slewing unit up an additional 6.1m or 20 feet. Then, the crane driver uses the crane to insert and bolt into place one more mast part piece.
The meaning of a "loaded container" for the purpose of securing and container handling; is a container other than in the tare or empty condition. Containers should be treated as loaded, unless otherwise confirmed. In order to maintain safety, when handling or securing containers, environmental conditions like wind need to be taken into consideration. The term loaded is the maximum gross weigh rating of the container. To be able to guarantee that the centre of gravity is kept as central and low as possible, the load needs to be evenly distributed throughout the container.
Having an evenly distributed load it is helpful to avoid lack of vehicle stability, and excessive tilting, so as to maintain safety. An even cargo helps to avoid unacceptable vehicle axle loading, and unacceptable load concentrations.
The eccentricity of the center of gravity differs, with the load distribution within the container. It is very important that the designers of containers and handling machinery take this into account in the engineering process. For example, when 60% of the load by mass is distributed in fifty percent of the container length measured from one end of the machinery, the eccentricity corresponds to five percent.
In order to make certain that the machine used is perfect for the cargo, care has to be taken to make sure it is safely attached to the container and that the container is free to be handled. Specific attention has to be paid to the risk of the container tilting due to the eccentricity of the center of gravity. When raising any container whose centre of gravity is mobile or eccentric, such as a tank container, a bulk container a thermal container with a refrigerating unit or a container with a liquid bulk bag, either integral or clip on, or any container with a hanging load, great care must be taken when lifting these.
